Summary
In this fascinating episode of Cosmic Queries, Neil deGrasse Tyson addresses a wide range of topics, from particle colliders and gravity to mature galaxies and string theory. He begins by discussing whether future scientists might consider particle colliders barbaric, suggesting that examining the conditions of the early universe might offer an alternative method of observing subatomic particles.
Neil then explains why gravity pulls everything down, but objects like clouds and helium balloons seem to defy this force. He stresses that the key factor is how an object's weight compares to the weight of the surrounding air or water. In the case of helium balloons, they are lighter than the air around them, so they float.
Next, the conversation turns to the nature of particles and the complex components they are made up of, such as protons and neutrons being composed of quarks. Neil states that while electrons have never been measured, there are indeed particles such as quarks that have been found.
Addressing the question of whether the discovery of mature galaxies earlier in the universe could be a window to another universe, Neil emphasizes that the James Webb Space Telescope's primary goal is to observe the birth of galaxies and that it is unlikely these galaxies are acting as gateways to a different universe.
As the discussion moves on to emergent space and time, Neil refers to physicist Brian Greene's theories concerning the fabric of space-time, which are built upon the idea that a network of wormholes makes up this fabric. However, Neil admits that it is more challenging to decipher whether time is emergent or not.
In terms of time speeding up or slowing down for astronauts traveling to Mars, Neil explains that factors like Earth's gravity and velocity must be considered in conjunction, running equations to determine which factor dominates.
Regarding string theory, Neil poses the question of whether researchers have not yet cracked the mystery due to its complexity, or if the real solution remains undiscovered. He acknowledges that while the theory requires a significant investment of time and brainpower, it has made progress in understanding certain phenomena.
The episode also covers diverse topics such as God and the universe, Einstein's Equivalence Principle, photons, and neutrinos, as well as the behavior of gravity in the universe. Neil emphasizes the importance of authentic lines on Earth, such as the equator, and the idea that the center of the universe lies 14 billion years ago in time.
As the episode concludes, Neil expresses gratitude for the thought-provoking questions from Patreon members and wraps up with an outro of "Startalk Cosmic Queries: The Grab Bag Edition." This episode showcases Neil deGrasse Tyson's vast knowledge and his ability to engage and entertain while offering fascinating scientific insights.
