Summary
In this episode of Star Talk Sports Edition, the hosts and guests discuss the use of neuroprosthetics and brain-machine interfaces to restore movement in paralyzed limbs. Dr. Cindy Chestek and Dr. Parag Patil explain the difference between a brain-machine interface system and a neuroprosthetic, and how machine learning is used to create a baseline for each individual's brain signals. They also discuss the challenges of developing effective electrodes that can operate in the brain without causing scarring. The experts emphasize the need for an ethical framework and involve the people who will benefit from these technologies in the decision-making process.
The conversation also touches on the potential for using implants to enhance human performance, but both experts caution that the technology is not yet at a point where it can be safely implemented for this purpose. The hosts also ask about the possibility of using implants to cure conditions such as Parkinson's disease and spinal cord injuries, and the experts explain that while progress is being made in this area, there are still significant challenges to overcome.
The podcast also explores the complexities of the human hand and the challenges of replicating its movements with technology. The doctors use tiny needles inserted into the brain to record signals and process them to control paralyzed muscles or actuate the hand. They also discuss the use of assistive exoskeletons to restore movement in paralyzed limbs and the importance of maintaining a sense of embodiment to make it feel like the real limb. Phantom limbs, scar tissue, and the safety of inserting needles into the brain are also discussed.
Finally, the podcast touches on the challenges of powering these devices and the potential for wireless connectivity in the future. The experts explain that the language of the brain is still not fully understood, and researchers are working on developing interfaces that can reproduce language and thoughts. The interdisciplinary nature of this field, requiring the expertise of multiple fields such as biomedical engineering, material science, and data science, is also emphasized. Overall, the podcast highlights the exciting possibilities of engineering and neuroscience while also acknowledging the limitations and potential risks involved in these fields.
