In this episode of The Peter Atia Drive podcast, Peter Atia interviews Chris Masterjohn, a nutrition scientist, about various topics related to nutrition and health. The conversation covers the importance of choline in our diet and its role in regulating methylation, neurotransmitters, and cell membranes. They also discuss the two-hit hypothesis in relation to fatty liver disease, the impact of fructose elimination on weight loss, and the connection between TMAO and heart disease risk. The conversation then shifts to the topic of NAD precursors and their role in aging and longevity, the effectiveness of different forms of nicotinamide in increasing intracellular NAD levels, and the potential benefits and risks of taking compounds to improve genomic stability, decrease DNA damage, and increase telomere length. The speakers also discuss the relationship between homocysteine and MTHFR, and how optimizing riboflavin status can improve MTHFR activity. The conversation concludes with a discussion of the uncertainty surrounding the effects of certain compounds on the body, such as nicotinamide rai and rapamycin, and the importance of having a working model of what's going on in the body when experimenting with these compounds.